Abstract: Hanjiang River as the largest tributary of Changjiang River, serves as a critical drinking water source for numerous urban areas along its basin, supporting key functions including water supply, agricultural irrigation, and navigation.Since 2010, however, over ten large-scale algal bloom events have been documented in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River, with a marked increase in the frequency of algal proliferation, posing substantial threats to regional drinking water safety and aquatic ecosystem stability.This study comprehensively reviewed the temporal and spatial evolution of algal blooms in this region and systematically examined the driving mechanisms underlying bloom formation, focusing on nutrients, meteorological conditions, and hydrodynamic factors.Furthermore, we proposed an integrated prevention and control framework structured around monitoring-early warning-regulation-governance.This system incorporated the establishment of an intelligent monitoring network integrating satellite, aerial, and ground-based platforms to achieve dynamic tracking of algal blooms, the improvement of prediction accuracy and early warning capability through coupled mechanism-based model and data-driven algorithms, the optimization of hydro-project operation strategies based on hydrodynamic thresholds to suppress algal growth, and the development of long-term management mechanisms combining watershed nutrient control and coordinated water diversion projects.The findings can provide a theoretical foundation for algal bloom mitigation in river systems and contribute to enhancing the ecological security and sustainable water supply capacity of the Hanjiang River Basin.