Abstract: The progress and achievements made in the comprehensive implementation of the River and Lake Chief System over the years and more were summarized from the aspects of its institutions and systems, legal and standard norms, information construction, as well as popular science publicity and publication, conference discussions and training. Special attention was paid to provinces such as Zhejiang, Shandong, Fujian, Heilongjiang, Shanxi, Hebei and Guangxi, and a systematic analysis was conducted in other regions across the country. Meanwhile, some problems still existing in the River and Lake Chief System work in various regions were also analyzed and suggestions were put forward. It is necessary to accelerate the transformation of water management ideas and methods, give full play to the responsibilities of the key fewgeneral river chief and the role of provincial river and lake chief joint meeting mechanism in the basin. The River and Lake Chief System work in water-scarce areas in the north should be combined with the conservation and intensive use of water resources in a coordinated manner. Led by technological innovation, leverage departmental advantages, and organically integrate measures such as river and lake protection and governance, the construction of happy rivers and lakes, soil and water conservation, and the revival of mother rivers with the development of green industries, to strengthen the integration of water ecological protection and governance industries. Transform the segmented governance into all-round governance, break through the last mile of river and lake governance and management, and achieve a shift from rectifying mess and curing diseases to addressing the root causes. The research results can provide a references for building a long-term mechanism of social co-governance and for the construction of a beautiful China.