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      强地震区高沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝全断面软岩筑坝关键技术与实践

      Key technologies and practices of full section soft rock of high asphalt concrete core rockfill dam in strong seismic area

      • 摘要: 随着水利水电事业发展,可供选择的硬岩料坝址越来越少,传统的只将软岩利用于坝体下游干燥区的做法已不能满足工程实际需求,需进一步扩大其利用范围。通过全断面软岩筑坝变形控制技术、渗流控制技术和抗震技术等关键技术的应用,建成了目前强地震区最高全断面软岩填筑沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝——卡洛特大坝(坝高95.5 m)。结果表明:①采用适用于全断面软岩筑坝的坝体分区原则,成功将饱和抗压强度小于15 MPa的软岩应用于上游死水位以下,拓展了软岩利用范围;②通过采用以压实度为核心、级配和渗透指标为辅的质量控制标准,有效控制大坝坝体沉降(累计沉降量约为坝高0.99%);③采用“竖向排水层+水平排水垫层+排水体”的T型排水结构,将卡洛特大坝渗漏量控制在10 L/s左右;④通过坝内铺设抗震土工格栅、坝坡设置浆砌石护坡等措施,保障了Ⅷ度地震地区全断面软岩土石坝的抗震安全。

         

        Abstract: With the development of hydropower projects, the available hard rock dam sites become increasingly rare.The traditional practice of only using soft rock in the dry areas downstream of the dam can no longer meet the actual engineering needs, and it is necessary to further expand its scope of use.Through the successful practice and application of full-section soft rock dam deformation control technology, seepage control technology and earthquake resistance technology in the asphalt concrete core wall rockfill dam of the Karot Hydropower Station in Pakistan, the highest full-section soft rock asphalt concrete core wall rockfill dam in the strong earthquake zone was built, which is Karot Dam (dam height 95.5 m).The results showed that: ① The adoption of dam zoning principles suitable for full-section soft rock construction successfully applied soft rock with saturated compressive strength of less than 15 MPa below the dead water level in the upstream zone, extending the utilization scope of soft rock.② By adopting quality control indicators such as priority gradation and permeability of compaction degree, the dam body settlement was effectively controlled (cumulative settlement was about 0.99% of dam height).③ With the adoption of a T-shaped drainage structure comprising vertical drainage layer + horizontal drainage blanket + integrated drainage body, the leakage rate of Karot Dam was effectively contained at approximately 10 L/s.④ The implementation of seismic-resistant geogrids within the dam body and mortared stone pitching on dam slopes ensured the seismic safety of a full-section soft-rock earth-rock dam in a Ⅷ-degree seismic zone.

         

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