Abstract: In order to analyze the relationship between the main characteristics of soil and water loss in 500 kV transmission lines and their major influencing factors, a research was carried out by combining on-site engineering investigations with data collection and analysis. The results indicated that during the construction period of 500 kV transmission line projects in Hubei Province, the intensity level of soil erosion reached a moderate degree. The average soil erosion modulus during the construction period was significantly higher than that in the natural recovery period, being 4.56 times. The soil loss in the tower base area had the largest amount, accounting for 74.85% of the total soil loss. The average value of the soil erosion modulus in hilly and mountainous areas was 1.26 times that in plain areas. Natural factors such as climate, underlying surface conditions, and soil properties, along with human induced factors such as surface occupation, disturbance, earthwork excavation, backfilling, and temporary stockpiling, all have varying degrees of influence on soil and water loss in 500 kV transmission line projects in Hubei Province. The main human induced influencing factors include the area of surface disturbance, the volume of earth and rock excavation and backfilling, and the scale of temporary stockpiling. The research findings can provide valuable references for the design of 500 kV transmission line project plans, soil and water conservation monitoring, and the control of soil and water loss.