Abstract: Against the backdrop of urgent demand for decentralized wastewater treatment, constructed wetland technology has emerged as a critical solution due to its eco-economic synergy. This study analyzed the technical mechanisms and application efficacy of constructed wetlands, proposing systematic optimization pathways. Research indicated that high adaptability in rural wastewater treatment and significant potential in scenic-area and industrial wastewater applications. However, large-scale implementation remained constrained by weak climate adaptability and substrate clogging risks two core bottlenecks. Future efforts require dual-track advancement through technological and policy approaches, constructing a "clogging prevention, low-temperature adaptation, intelligent operation, standardization empowerment" technology chain. This integrated framework can provide a systematic support for the scaled application and sustainable long-term operation of constructed wetland technology.