Abstract: The revitalization of river and lake ecosystems is a crucial aspect of high-quality water conservancy development in the new development stage. The revitalization of river and lake ecosystems aims to restore the severely damaged ecological functions of rivers and lakes, with the core objective of maintaining the integrity of river and lake ecological functions and systematically enhancing the quality and stability of aquatic ecosystems. This article summarizes the significance and challenges faced by river and lake ecological revitalization, and proposes corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.