Abstract: With the promulgation and implementation of the Specification on design of Land requisition and resettlement for construction of water and hydropower projects (SL/T 290-2024, hereinafter referred to as the "new standard"), the methodology for compiling comprehensive survey and design fees for resettlement in water conservancy and hydropower projects has undergone systematic changes. Focusing on the Regulation on Compilation of Design Estimate and Budget for Water Conservancy Projects (Shuizong 2014 No. 429, hereinafter referred to as the "old standard") promulgated in 2014 and the "new standard" as the primary subjects of research, this study conducts a systematic comparative analysis of the differences between the old and new standards regarding the composition of costs, fee calculation basis, and applicable rates for comprehensive survey and design fees. By incorporating typical engineering case studies, it quantitatively analyzes the impact of the new standard on these fees, identifies issues encountered during its implementation, and proposes optimization recommendations. The aim is to provide valuable references for industry practice and the future revision and refinement of relevant standards.