Attenuation of Vibrations Induced by Seismic Sources in Geophysical Exploration and Analysis of Safety Control Standards

Addressing the issues of vibration propagation and safety control arising from vibroseis operations in geophysical exploration, this study systematically investigates the attenuation law of vibrations in rock and soil media through a combination of theoretical analysis and field measurements. Based on the form of Sadovsky's empirical formula, a regression model for vibration attenuation specific to vibroseis sources was established. An attenuation formula characterized by vibration work as the energy input representation was proposed. Regression analysis was conducted using monitoring data from an engineering site, determining the key attenuation parameters K and α related to geological and surface conditions, thereby constructing a quantitative prediction model. Building on this foundation, corresponding vibration safety control standards were further proposed, including vibration velocity thresholds for different protected objects and permissible operational distances based on the attenuation model. These findings not only reveal the influence mechanism of rock and soil media on vibration propagation from geophysical exploration sources but also provide a theoretical basis and technical support for vibration safety assessment and the delineation of safe operational distances in geophysical exploration. This is of significant importance for ensuring the safety of engineering surveys in sectors such as water resources and hydropower.